Geral

Size (px)FormatCommon Use Case
16x16PNG, ICO, SVGClassic size for browser tabs, bookmarks. Ideal for simple icons due to the small canvas.
32x32PNG, ICO, SVGHigh-resolution displays; can be used for browser tabs and bookmarks for added clarity.
48x48PNG, ICO, SVGOptional size, used for additional clarity on various platforms.
96x96PNG, ICO, SVGRecommended by Google for higher resolution displays. Can be used in browser tabs, bookmarks.
144x144PNG, ICO, SVGHigh DPI screens like Retina displays; often used for Apple touch icons.
SVGSVGScalable Vector Graphics format; size-flexible, ensuring crisp and clear display on all screens.

Fonte: https://www.concretecms.com/about/blog/web-design/favicons

Apple home screen

Criando ícones para home screen IOS:

Basicamente, dentro da tag <head>:

<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path-to/apple-touch-icon.png">

Fonte: https://www.create.net/support/add-ios-home-screen-icon-for-website